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The First Gulf War was an international conflict triggered by Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in August 1990. Though justified by Iraqi leader Saddām Hussein on grounds that Kuwait was historically part of Iraq, the invasion was presumed to be motivated by Iraq's desire to acquire Kuwait's rich oil fields and expand its power in the region. The United States, fearing Iraq's broader strategic intentions and acting under UN auspices, eventually formed a broad coalition, which included a number of Arab countries, and began massing troops in northern Saudi Arabia. A ground offensive by the coalition (February 24–28, 1991) quickly achieved victory. Estimates of Iraqi military deaths range up to 100,000; coalition forces lost about 300 troops. The war also caused extensive damage to the region's environment.
Source: Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2006. s.v. "Persian Gulf War, First or Gulf War."
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