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Music History

Resources for music history library research

Find Books

Books and articles will make up the core of your research. These textual sources contain the research of established scholars, and they can help you interpret the scores and performances you are studying. On this page, learn how to use OneSearch to find books, read about how books are organized on library shelves, and view recommended books you might consider for your research.

Finding Books in OneSearch

Use OneSearch to find books, scores, recordings, and other items held by Ball State University Libraries. OneSearch can be found at the front page of the Libraries website and operates like Google, Bing, and other search engines. Enter keywords to begin your search and then use the filters on the left side of the page to narrow down your results. Select the filter "Library Catalog" to limit your results to items owned by the Libraries, in either print or digital formats, and to eliminate web results.

To find books, select the filter "Book/eBook" under Content Type. Scrolling through results, most books will show as available either at Bracken Library and its Music Collection or as an eBook with Full Text Online. Click on the title or location of the book to see its full record, including its Summary and Contents. For print books, make note of its call number so that you can find it on the shelves. You might choose to keep a list of books either by their authors, titles, or call numbers.

For more information about OneSearch, see the research guide https://bsu.libguides.com/onesearch, or feel free to ask any Libraries staff member for help.

A call number is an item's address in a library. Just like you have a unique mailing address, each library item has its own unique call number. Also like the components of a mailing address (i.e., street name, zip code, etc.), each part of a call number means something. The first letter or two letters is called a subclass. In music, there are only three subclasses. M is the subclass for music scores. Music books are in either ML or MT. ML is the subclass for music literature while MT is the subclass for music instruction and study, so usually music education or theory. The digits which follow indicate the specific topic of the book or score within each subclass.

Typically two alphanumeric signifiers called cutters follow the subclass. Cutters often correspond to the author or composer's last name or derive from the subject or title of the work. The numbers which follow the letter then offer clues as to the next letters of that name or title. Scores by Bach, for example, might be cuttered as B3. This provides an alphabetical ordering for each topic. The final number in a call number, for example 1991, is typically the date of publication. You can practice your knowledge of call numbers with this tutorial.

The easiest way to find items in OneSearch is through a basic keyword search as described on the Getting Started tab. You might, however, choose to run an advanced search, if you are not finding your desired results through other means. Open advanced search by clicking “Advanced” either below the OneSearch dialog box or next to the magnifying glass. The main advantage of advanced search is the ability to separate terms and select fields. Use the dropdown to select field types like "Author," "Title," "Call Number," and "ISBN." Then use operators like "AND," "OR," and "NOT" to specify how your first term relates to your second. Use the plus sign to the right of the window to add terms.

In using advanced search, you unfortunately run the risk of eliminating some results before you have the chance to see them. This is especially true if you apply filters too early in your search process. For this reason, it is recommended that you wait to apply filters until after hitting search. Generally, it is better to start with too many results and then narrow them down through filters and stronger keywords, than to start with too few.

A keyword search is when you enter text of your choice into a search box, whether as a basic or advanced search. A subject search, however, uses standardized terms which are assigned to an item by librarians. These subjects are linked from record to record, so that every item with the same subject appears when you search that subject. On OneSearch, these subjects appear as red hyperlinked text and are typically found in the Details section of an item record. When you click on this text, OneSearch runs a subject search on this term to find every other record also assigned this subject.

Subject searching is useful when you wish to search comprehensively on a known term: you already found it in one record and now want to find it in others. It is also useful if your keyword fails to yield as many results as you had imagined, and it can help you determine the term more commonly used by scholars and librarians. You can also use hyperlinked text to search for every item held by a particular author or composer. Notice how subjects are structured and you will be able to modify subject searches to meet your specific needs.

How Books are Organized

The Music Collection uses Library of Congress Classification, or LCC, for organizing print books and scores on the shelves. Used in libraries worldwide, this system groups items by topic and assigns each a unique alphanumeric call number. Tip: Enter the first part of a call number into OneSearch to see all items on a given topic.

Call Numbers for Music History:

ML 55 - 89   Aspects of the field of music as a whole

ML 79 - 80   Literary authors and music

ML 82   Women and music

ML 85   Music in art. Musical instruments in art

ML 159 - 3785   History and criticism

ML 159 - 161   General works

ML 162 - 197.2   By period

ML 198 - 360.6   By region or country

ML 385 - 429   Biography

ML 410   Composers

ML 417   Pianists

ML 420   Singers

ML 421   Performing groups

ML 422   Conductors

ML 430 - 458   Composition and performance

ML 459 - 1380   Instruments and instrumental music

ML 1400 - 3275   Vocal music, including opera

ML 3300 - 3351   Program music

ML 3400 - 3465   Dance music

ML 3469 - 3541   Popular music

ML 3544 - 3776   Folk, national, and ethnic music

ML 3797 - 3799.5   Musical research

ML 3845 - 3877   Aesthetics

ML 3880 - 3915   Criticism

ML 3916 - 3918   Social and political aspects of music

Recommended Books

The recommended books below represent a wide sampling of topics in music history research and include biographies, stylistic analyses, and investigations into different social and aesthetic issues. Perhaps one or more of these topics will inspire your next research project. Books are sorted by their call numbers for ease of browsing. Click on the info icon to see a description.

Interlibrary Loan

Users are encouraged to search for items beyond University Libraries' catalog via RILM Abstracts of Music Literature and WorldCat. Materials not available in print or online may be requested through Interlibrary Loan. Please allow up to seven days for electronic delivery and up to fourteen days for delivery of physical items.