The state constitution can tell you how the government is structured. Like the U.S. constitution it will tell you things like the qualifications for office, the duties and powers of those offices, and term lengths. A state may have had multiple constitutions over time. You may be able to find a short history of the state as well as the state's constitution on the their website.
A Google search should work for this. Type your state name and "executive orders" (e.g. Indiana and executive orders). For older executive orders you might do a search like Indiana executive orders archive. Current executive orders tend to be found on the governor's press release page with older ones archived somewhere else.
You will be looking at state legislation that has been passed. Many states have websites for their legislature. They will include public laws under consideration, an archive of public laws which have been passed, as well as links to the state code or statutes (public laws that have been incorporated into the state statues). Navigating the state websites to find this information can be tricky! The following tips and resources will help.
To do keyword searching on cases, use the Guided Search bellow the main search box. Select Cases then select State Cases enter your search terms, and click on the big blue search button. You can narrow to your state using the search facets in the left column of the results list by clicking on Court and then your state.
The best resource for this type of information would be the state's own website. Either use the State Governments link above to locate their site or do a Google search. You might try your state's name plus "budget" and maybe "pie chart." You will find a number of unofficial sites which you will want to avoid. Examples include usgovernmentrevenue.com, ballotpedia.org, or cleargov.com.