LibGuides: Artificial Intelligence (AI): How does it work?

How does it work?

Exactly how do AI tools like ChatGPT work?

The GPT part of that name stands for "Generative Pre-Trained" which refers to how the AI part of the tool knows what it knows and then generates content. Most of these tools use programmed algorithms to mine and analyze various texts, images, or other files for concepts.

Some of the image-generating tools pull from the work of artists who have not given permission for sampling and distribution of their works and therefore controversy has arisen surrounding the legality and ethics of sharing and even selling the AI-generated content based on those works.

From the Jisc AI Primer: "In its standard mode without plugins, ChatGPT works by predicting the next word given a sequence of words. This is important to understand, as it is not in any sense understanding your question and then searching for a result and has no concept of whether the text it is producing is correct. This leads it prone to producing plausible untruths or, as they are often known, hallucinations.

As it stands today, the free version of ChatGPT doesn’t have access to the internet, so can’t answer questions beyond its training data cut-off date of September 2021. Users paying for the ChatGPT Plus service have access to a version that can access the internet."

But what is a neural network? (a video from a former Stanford University student in AI)
What are the neurons, why are there layers, and what is the math underlying it? Grant Sanderson, a former student in math and computer science at Stanford, explains the concepts and math behind neural networks and deep learning in the realm of AI.
How does artificial intelligence learn? (a video from TED-Ed)
Today, artificial intelligence helps doctors diagnose patients, pilots fly commercial aircraft, and city planners predict traffic. These AIs are often self-taught, working off a simple set of instructions to create a unique array of rules and strategies. So how exactly does a machine learn? Briana Brownell digs into the three basic ways machines investigate, negotiate, and communicate.

Deep learning vs. Machine learning

Deep Learning (DL)	Machine Learning (ML)
Works on a huge amount of dataset.	Works on a limited amount of dataset.
Need high-end machine to operate.	Work can be done on a low-end machine.
Solve the problem till the end solution.	Divide the tasks into subsets and solve them individually.
More complex as compared to ML.	Less complex.
Requires less time and energy to test the data.	Testing time can be long and elaborated.
As data increases, efficiency of output also increases.	As data increases, then output becomes consistent at a certain level of performance.
Computationally expensive to train.	Comparatively less computation cost.

-from Forbes, "What is artificial intelligence (AI) and how does it work?":

AI vs Machine Learning (a video from IBM Technology)
What is really the difference between Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML)? Are they actually the same thing? In this video, Jeff Crume explains the differences and relationship between AI & ML, as well as how related topics like Deep Learning (DL) and other types and properties of each.